Create a Java website using the Azure application gallery

This information shows how to use the Azure application gallery to select a Java application container, either Apache Tomcat or Jetty, for your website.

The following shows how a website built using Tomcat from the application gallery would appear:

The following shows how a website built using Jetty from the application gallery would appear:

Log in to the Microsoft Azure Management Portal.
Click New, click Compute, click Website, and then click From Gallery.
From the list of apps, select one of the Java application servers, such as Apache Tomcat or Jetty.
Click Next.
Specify the URL name.
Select a region. For example, West US.
Click Complete.

Within a few moments, your website will be created. To view the website, within the Azure Management Portal, in the Websites view, wait for the status to show as Running and then click the URL for the website.

Now that you've create the website with an app container, see the Next steps section for information about uploading your application to the website.

Create a Java website using the Azure configuration UI

This information shows how to use the Azure configuration UI to select a Java application container, either Apache Tomcat or Jetty, for your website.

Log in to the Microsoft Azure Management Portal.
Click New, click Compute, click Website, and then click Quick Create.
Specify the URL name.
Select a region. For example, West US.
Click Complete. Within a few moments, your website will be created. To view the website, within the Azure Management Portal, in the Websites view, wait for the status to show as Running and then click the URL for the website.
Still within the Azure Management Portal, in the Websites view, click the name of your website to open the dashboard.
Click Configure.
In the General section, enable Java by clicking the available version.
The options for the web container are displayed, for example, Tomcat and Jetty. Select the web container that you want to use.
Click Save.

Within a few moments, your website will become Java-based. To confirm it is Java-based, within the Azure Management Portal, in the Websites view, wait for the status to show as Running and then click the URL for the website. Note that the page will provide text stating that the new site is a Java-base website.

Now that you've create the website with an app container, see the Next steps section for information about uploading your application to the website.

这两天在twitter服务器上忽然遇到这样的异常：

e: sun.security.validator.ValidatorException: PKIX path building failed: sun.security.provider.certpath.SunCertPathBuilderException: unable to find valid certification path to requested target

经过检查确认，完整的异常信息应该如下：

javax.net.ssl.SSLHandshakeException: sun.security.validator.ValidatorException: PKIX path building failed: sun.security.provider.certpath.SunCertPathBuilderException: unable to find valid certification path to requested target

后来到twitter开发者网站上去看到了也有人遇到了类似的问题，链接如下：https://dev.twitter.com/discussions/533

但是都没说明具体的解决方法，郁闷啊！！

在oracle某一博客上说是可以这样解决的：http://blogs.oracle.com/gc/entry/unable_to_find_valid_certification

但是悲催的是那个java类已经无法下载了。。。。历经N次的google，终于找到该文件了，不敢独享，记录于此。

问题的根本是：

缺少安全证书时出现的异常。

解决问题方法：

将你要访问的webservice/url....的安全认证证书导入到客户端即可。

以下是获取安全证书的一种方法，通过以下程序获取安全证书：

[java]view plaincopy
/* 
 * Copyright 2006 Sun Microsystems, Inc.  All Rights Reserved. 
 * 
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 
 * are met: 
 * 
 *   - Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 
 *     notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 
 * 
 *   - Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 
 *     notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 
 *     documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 
 * 
 *   - Neither the name of Sun Microsystems nor the names of its 
 *     contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived 
 *     from this software without specific prior written permission. 
 * 
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS 
 * IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, 
 * THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR 
 * PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR 
 * CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, 
 * EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, 
 * PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR 
 * PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF 
 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING 
 * NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS 
 * SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 
 */  
  
import java.io.BufferedReader;  
import java.io.File;  
import java.io.FileInputStream;  
import java.io.FileOutputStream;  
import java.io.InputStream;  
import java.io.InputStreamReader;  
import java.io.OutputStream;  
import java.security.KeyStore;  
import java.security.MessageDigest;  
import java.security.cert.CertificateException;  
import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;  
  
import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;  
import javax.net.ssl.SSLException;  
import javax.net.ssl.SSLSocket;  
import javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory;  
import javax.net.ssl.TrustManager;  
import javax.net.ssl.TrustManagerFactory;  
import javax.net.ssl.X509TrustManager;  
  
public class InstallCert {  
  
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {  
        String host;  
        int port;  
        char[] passphrase;  
        if ((args.length == 1) || (args.length == 2)) {  
            String[] c = args[0].split(":");  
            host = c[0];  
            port = (c.length == 1) ? 443 : Integer.parseInt(c[1]);  
            String p = (args.length == 1) ? "changeit" : args[1];  
            passphrase = p.toCharArray();  
        } else {  
            System.out  
                    .println("Usage: java InstallCert <host>[:port] [passphrase]");  
            return;  
        }  
  
        File file = new File("jssecacerts");  
        if (file.isFile() == false) {  
            char SEP = File.separatorChar;  
            File dir = new File(System.getProperty("java.home") + SEP + "lib"  
                    + SEP + "security");  
            file = new File(dir, "jssecacerts");  
            if (file.isFile() == false) {  
                file = new File(dir, "cacerts");  
            }  
        }  
        System.out.println("Loading KeyStore " + file + "...");  
        InputStream in = new FileInputStream(file);  
        KeyStore ks = KeyStore.getInstance(KeyStore.getDefaultType());  
        ks.load(in, passphrase);  
        in.close();  
  
        SSLContext context = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS");  
        TrustManagerFactory tmf = TrustManagerFactory  
                .getInstance(TrustManagerFactory.getDefaultAlgorithm());  
        tmf.init(ks);  
        X509TrustManager defaultTrustManager = (X509TrustManager) tmf  
                .getTrustManagers()[0];  
        SavingTrustManager tm = new SavingTrustManager(defaultTrustManager);  
        context.init(null, new TrustManager[] { tm }, null);  
        SSLSocketFactory factory = context.getSocketFactory();  
  
        System.out  
                .println("Opening connection to " + host + ":" + port + "...");  
        SSLSocket socket = (SSLSocket) factory.createSocket(host, port);  
        socket.setSoTimeout(10000);  
        try {  
            System.out.println("Starting SSL handshake...");  
            socket.startHandshake();  
            socket.close();  
            System.out.println();  
            System.out.println("No errors, certificate is already trusted");  
        } catch (SSLException e) {  
            System.out.println();  
            e.printStackTrace(System.out);  
        }  
  
        X509Certificate[] chain = tm.chain;  
        if (chain == null) {  
            System.out.println("Could not obtain server certificate chain");  
            return;  
        }  
  
        BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(  
                System.in));  
  
        System.out.println();  
        System.out.println("Server sent " + chain.length + " certificate(s):");  
        System.out.println();  
        MessageDigest sha1 = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA1");  
        MessageDigest md5 = MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5");  
        for (int i = 0; i < chain.length; i++) {  
            X509Certificate cert = chain[i];  
            System.out.println(" " + (i + 1) + " Subject "  
                    + cert.getSubjectDN());  
            System.out.println("   Issuer  " + cert.getIssuerDN());  
            sha1.update(cert.getEncoded());  
            System.out.println("   sha1    " + toHexString(sha1.digest()));  
            md5.update(cert.getEncoded());  
            System.out.println("   md5     " + toHexString(md5.digest()));  
            System.out.println();  
        }  
  
        System.out  
                .println("Enter certificate to add to trusted keystore or 'q' to quit: [1]");  
        String line = reader.readLine().trim();  
        int k;  
        try {  
            k = (line.length() == 0) ? 0 : Integer.parseInt(line) - 1;  
        } catch (NumberFormatException e) {  
            System.out.println("KeyStore not changed");  
            return;  
        }  
  
        X509Certificate cert = chain[k];  
        String alias = host + "-" + (k + 1);  
        ks.setCertificateEntry(alias, cert);  
  
        OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream("jssecacerts");  
        ks.store(out, passphrase);  
        out.close();  
  
        System.out.println();  
        System.out.println(cert);  
        System.out.println();  
        System.out  
                .println("Added certificate to keystore 'jssecacerts' using alias '"  
                        + alias + "'");  
    }  
  
    private static final char[] HEXDIGITS = "0123456789abcdef".toCharArray();  
  
    private static String toHexString(byte[] bytes) {  
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(bytes.length * 3);  
        for (int b : bytes) {  
            b &= 0xff;  
            sb.append(HEXDIGITS[b >> 4]);  
            sb.append(HEXDIGITS[b & 15]);  
            sb.append(' ');  
        }  
        return sb.toString();  
    }  
  
    private static class SavingTrustManager implements X509TrustManager {  
  
        private final X509TrustManager tm;  
        private X509Certificate[] chain;  
  
        SavingTrustManager(X509TrustManager tm) {  
            this.tm = tm;  
        }  
  
        public X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() {  
            throw new UnsupportedOperationException();  
        }  
  
        public void checkClientTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType)  
                throws CertificateException {  
            throw new UnsupportedOperationException();  
        }  
  
        public void checkServerTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType)  
                throws CertificateException {  
            this.chain = chain;  
            tm.checkServerTrusted(chain, authType);  
        }  
    }  
  
}  

编译InstallCert.java，然后执行：java InstallCert hostname，比如：
java InstallCert www.twitter.com
会看到如下信息：

[java]view plaincopy
java InstallCert www.twitter.com  
Loading KeyStore /usr/java/jdk1.6.0_16/jre/lib/security/cacerts...  
Opening connection to www.twitter.com:443...  
Starting SSL handshake...  
  
javax.net.ssl.SSLHandshakeException: sun.security.validator.ValidatorException: PKIX path building failed: sun.security.provider.certpath.SunCertPathBuilderException: unable to find valid certification path to requested target  
    at com.sun.net.ssl.internal.ssl.Alerts.getSSLException(Alerts.java:150)  
    at com.sun.net.ssl.internal.ssl.SSLSocketImpl.fatal(SSLSocketImpl.java:1476)  
    at com.sun.net.ssl.internal.ssl.Handshaker.fatalSE(Handshaker.java:174)  
    at com.sun.net.ssl.internal.ssl.Handshaker.fatalSE(Handshaker.java:168)  
    at com.sun.net.ssl.internal.ssl.ClientHandshaker.serverCertificate(ClientHandshaker.java:846)  
    at com.sun.net.ssl.internal.ssl.ClientHandshaker.processMessage(ClientHandshaker.java:106)  
    at com.sun.net.ssl.internal.ssl.Handshaker.processLoop(Handshaker.java:495)  
    at com.sun.net.ssl.internal.ssl.Handshaker.process_record(Handshaker.java:433)  
    at com.sun.net.ssl.internal.ssl.SSLSocketImpl.readRecord(SSLSocketImpl.java:815)  
    at com.sun.net.ssl.internal.ssl.SSLSocketImpl.performInitialHandshake(SSLSocketImpl.java:1025)  
    at com.sun.net.ssl.internal.ssl.SSLSocketImpl.startHandshake(SSLSocketImpl.java:1038)  
    at InstallCert.main(InstallCert.java:63)  
Caused by: sun.security.validator.ValidatorException: PKIX path building failed: sun.security.provider.certpath.SunCertPathBuilderException: unable to find valid certification path to requested target  
    at sun.security.validator.PKIXValidator.doBuild(PKIXValidator.java:221)  
    at sun.security.validator.PKIXValidator.engineValidate(PKIXValidator.java:145)  
    at sun.security.validator.Validator.validate(Validator.java:203)  
    at com.sun.net.ssl.internal.ssl.X509TrustManagerImpl.checkServerTrusted(X509TrustManagerImpl.java:172)  
    at InstallCert$SavingTrustManager.checkServerTrusted(InstallCert.java:158)  
    at com.sun.net.ssl.internal.ssl.JsseX509TrustManager.checkServerTrusted(SSLContextImpl.java:320)  
    at com.sun.net.ssl.internal.ssl.ClientHandshaker.serverCertificate(ClientHandshaker.java:839)  
    ... 7 more  
Caused by: sun.security.provider.certpath.SunCertPathBuilderException: unable to find valid certification path to requested target  
    at sun.security.provider.certpath.SunCertPathBuilder.engineBuild(SunCertPathBuilder.java:236)  
    at java.security.cert.CertPathBuilder.build(CertPathBuilder.java:194)  
    at sun.security.validator.PKIXValidator.doBuild(PKIXValidator.java:216)  
    ... 13 more  
  
Server sent 2 certificate(s):  
  
 1 Subject CN=www.twitter.com, O=example.com, C=US  
   Issuer  CN=Certificate Shack, O=example.com, C=US  
   sha1    2e 7f 76 9b 52 91 09 2e 5d 8f 6b 61 39 2d 5e 06 e4 d8 e9 c7   
   md5     dd d1 a8 03 d7 6c 4b 11 a7 3d 74 28 89 d0 67 54   
  
 2 Subject CN=Certificate Shack, O=example.com, C=US  
   Issuer  CN=Certificate Shack, O=example.com, C=US  
   sha1    fb 58 a7 03 c4 4e 3b 0e e3 2c 40 2f 87 64 13 4d df e1 a1 a6   
   md5     72 a0 95 43 7e 41 88 18 ae 2f 6d 98 01 2c 89 68   
  
Enter certificate to add to trusted keystore or 'q' to quit: [1]  

输入1，回车，然后会在当前的目录下产生一个名为“ssecacerts”的证书。

将证书拷贝到$JAVA_HOME/jre/lib/security目录下，或者通过以下方式：
System.setProperty("javax.net.ssl.trustStore", "你的jssecacerts证书路径");

注意：因为是静态加载，所以要重新启动你的Web Server，证书才能生效。

西湖梦

2014年9月30日星期二

Adding an application to your Java website on Azure

Get started with Azure websites and Java

Create a Java website using the Azure application gallery

Create a Java website using the Azure configuration UI

解决PKIX：unable to find valid certification path to requested target 的问题